Diagnósticos de enfermagem do domínio segurança e proteção em pacientes críticos / Diagnósticos de enfermería del dominio seguridad y protección en pacientes críticos / Nursing Diagnosis within the Domain Safety and Protection in Critically-ill Patients

RESUMO Introdução: A clientela crítica encontra-se exposta à riscos. Assim, compreender as relações entre os elementos que envolvem a segurança e proteção torna-se fundamental. Objetivo: verificar a associação entre os diagnósticos de enfermagem do domínio segurança e proteção da NANDA Internacional com seus componentes em pacientes críticos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado com 86 pacientes críticos de um hospital no Nordeste do Brasil, por meio do formulário. Na análise estatística, foram aplicados os testes de Qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher. Resultados: O diagnóstico Risco de resposta adversa ao meio de contraste com iodo apresentou associação estatística com os componentes: Propriedades físicas e químicas dos meios de contraste, Ansiedade, Uso concomitante de medicamentos, Veias fragilizadas, Doença subjacente e Extremos de idade. O diagnóstico Risco de desequilíbrio na temperatura corporal associou-se à taxa metabólica alterada, extremos de idade e sedação. Conclusão: Esses achados proporcionam avanço científico para a enfermagem ao fornecerem auxílio na inferência diagnóstica, na previsão dos cuidados e na tomada de decisão do enfermeiro(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: Los pacientes en estado crítico, internados en una unidad de terapia intensiva, se encuentran expuestos a riesgos. Así, comprender las relaciones entre los elementos que involucran su seguridad y su protección se vuelve fundamental. Objetivo: Verificar la asociación entre los diagnósticos de enfermería del dominio seguridad y protección de la NANDA Internacional con sus componentes en pacientes críticos internados en unidad de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado con 86 pacientes críticos de un hospital en el Nordeste de Brasil, a través del formulario. En el análisis estadístico, se aplicaron las pruebas de Qui-cuadrado y exacto de Fisher. Resultados: El diagnóstico Riesgo de respuesta adversa al medio de contraste con yodo presentó asociación estadística con los componentes: Propiedades físicas y químicas de los medios de contraste, Ansiedad, Uso concomitante de medicamentos, Venas fragilizadas, Enfermedad subyacente y Extremos de edad. El diagnóstico Riesgo de desequilibrio en la temperatura corporal se asoció a la tasa metabólica alterada, extremos de edad y sedación. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos proporcionan avances científicos para la enfermería al proporcionar ayuda en la inferencia diagnóstica, en la previsión de los cuidados y en la toma de decisión del personal de enfermería(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Critically-ill patients, admitted to an intensive care unit, are exposed to risks. Therefore, understanding the relationships between the elements involving their safety and protection becomes fundamental. Objective: To verify the association between the nursing diagnoses within the domain safety and protection of NANDA (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association) International with its components in critically-ill patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out through a form conducted on 86 critically-ill patients of a hospital in the northeast of Brazil. The chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were applied in the statistical analysis. Results: The diagnosis of the risk of adverse response to the contrast medium with iodine presented statistical association with the components: physical and chemical properties of the contrast media, anxiety, concomitant use of medications, fragile veins, underlying disease, and age extremes. The diagnosis of the risk of imbalance in body temperature was associated with the altered metabolic rate, age extremes, and sedation. Conclusion: These findings provide scientific advances for nursing by providing help in diagnostic inference, in the anticipation of care, and in the decision-making by the nursing staff(AU)

Predictors of pressure ulcer risk in adult intensive care patients: A retrospective case-control study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the predictive power of risk factors for pressure ulcers in adult intensive care patients. METHOD: A retrospective case-control study was performed utilising a heterogeneous sample group allocated into a case group with pressure ulcers (n=90) and a control group without pressure ulcers (n=90). The analysis explored the predictive power of risk factors for pressure ulcers using a hierarchical logistic regression model. RESULTS: The risk factors that predicted pressure ulcers were friction (OR=5.97), previous history of pressure ulcers (OR=5.43), prolonged intensive care unit stay (OR=3.92), dehydration (OR=3.18), elevated skin temperature by 1-2°C (OR=3.12) and treatment of other comorbidities (OR=2.79). CONCLUSION: Adult intensive care patients have an increased risk of developing a pressure ulcer. These risk factors are regarded as strong predictors for pressure ulceration. This study advances nursing knowledge in that it investigates additional risk factors for the development of pressure ulcers and it identifies a set of factors that best predict their occurrence, which may contribute to the nurses' diagnostic reasoning in the intensive care unit.

Pressure Ulcer Risk Evaluation in Critical Patients: Clinical and Social Characteristics.

BACKGROUND: Pressure ulcers increase hospital stays and treatment costs due to their complications. Therefore, recognizing factors that contribute to pressure ulcer risk are important to patient safety. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the scores of the Waterlow, Braden, and Norton scales and clinical and social characteristics in critically ill patients. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of 78 patients in an adult intensive care unit of a university hospital in Northeastern Brazil was conducted from July to December 2015. Data included social and clinical information and the risk factors of the Braden, Norton and Waterlow scales. Data were analysed by the descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Most of the participants were female, adults and elderly people with brown skin colour, low education levels and insufficient income. Most of them showed a high risk for developing pressure ulcers using the three evaluated scales. Age, smoking status, diabetes and hypertension were associated with scores on the Waterlow, Braden and Norton scales. CONCLUSION: Age, use of the tobacco, diabetes and hypertension were associated with the risk of pressure ulcers in ICU patients.

Características psicológicas e cognitivas relacionadas aos aspectos clínicos e socioeconômicos dos pacientes em hemodiálise / Características psicológicas y cognitivas relacionadas con los aspectos clínicos y socioeconómicos de los pacientes en hemodiliásis / Psychological and cognitive characteristics related to clinical and socioeconomic aspects of hemodialysis patients

RESUMO Introdução: a hemodiálise contribui para a eliminação de substâncias indesejáveis ao organismo, de modo a diminuir os efeitos do comprometimento da disfunção renal, mas algumas repercussões em diferentes áreas do corpo são percebidas, como as psicológicas e cognitivas. Objetivo: identificar a associação entre as características psicológicas e cognitivas do paciente em hemodiálise com seus dados clínicos e socioeconômicos. Métodos: pesquisa transversal, realizada com 100 pacientes em hemodiálise internados em um hospital universitário e atendidos em uma clínica de hemodiálise do Nordeste do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados, no período de dezembro de 2012 a abril de 2013, a partir de um formulário contendo dados socioeconômicos, clínicos, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, escala de ansiedade e critérios para a medição da agitação. Estudo aprovado pelo comitê de ética com protocolo 148.428 e Certificado de Apresentação para Apreciação Ética 08696212.7.0000.5537. Resultados: a maioria sexo feminino (52 porcento), idade média de 51,1 anos (±16,5), medianas de 6,5 anos de estudo e renda de dois salários mínimos. Dados laboratoriais: Ureia e creatinina alteradas em 100 porcento dos pacientes, potássio alterado em 73 porcento, hemoglobina (72 porcento) e hematócrito (95 porcento) diminuídos. Dados clínicos: 81 porcento hipertensos e 30 porcento diabéticos. Maioria dos pacientes ansiosa e agitada. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre: ansiedade e idade (p=0,030) e ansiedade e renda familiar (p=0,048). Conclusões: identificaram-se associações entre ansiedade e duas variáveis socioecômicas, idade e renda familiar, não sendo evidenciadas associações com as variáveis clínicas(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: la hemodiálisis contribuye a la eliminación de sustancias indeseables en el cuerpo con el fin de reducir los efectos de la disfunción renal, pero algunos efectos en diferentes áreas del cuerpo se perciben como psicológico y cognitivo. Objetivo: identificar la asociación entre las características psicológicas y cognitivas del paciente en hemodiálisis con sus datos clínicos y socioeconómicos. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado con 100 pacientes de hemodiálisis en un hospital universitario y tratado en una clínica de hemodiálisis en el noreste de Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados a partir de diciembre 2012 a abril 2013, a partir de un formulario que contiene datos socioeconómicos, clínicos, Mini Examen del Estado Mental, la escala de ansiedad y criterios para medir la agitación. Este estudio fue aprobado por el comité de ética con el protocolo 148.428 y Presentación Certificado de Evaluación Ética 08696212.7.0000.5537. Resultados: la mayoría fueron mujeres (52 por ciento), edad media 51,1 años (± 16,5), mediana de 6,5 años de estudio y de los ingresos de dos salarios mínimos. Datos de laboratorio: creatinina y urea alterada en el 100 por ciento de los pacientes, potasio modificados en 73 por ciento, disminución hemoglobina (72 por ciento) y hematocrito (95 por ciento). Datos clínicos: 81 por ciento eran hipertensos y 30 por ciento eran diabéticos. La mayoría de los pacientes estaban ansiosos y agitados. Hubo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre: la ansiedad y la edad (p = 0,030) y la ansiedad y el ingreso familiar (p = 0,048). Conclusiones: fueron identificadas asociaciones entre la ansiedad y dos variables socioeconómicas: la edad y los ingresos familiares, no se evidenciaron asociaciones con variables clínicas(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: hemodialysis contributes to the elimination of undesirable substances to the body in order to reduce the effects of impaired renal dysfunction, but some effects on different body areas are perceived as psychological and cognitive. Objective: to identify the association between psychological and cognitive characteristics of the patient on hemodialysis with their clinical and socioeconomic data. Methods: cross-sectional survey conducted with 100 hemodialysis patients at a university hospital and treated at a hemodialysis clinic in northeastern Brazil. Data were collected from December 2012 to April 2013, from a form containing socioeconomic data, clinical data, Mini Mental State Examination, scale of anxiety and criteria for measuring the agitation. This study was approved by the ethics committee with protocol 148,428 and Presentation Certificate for Ethics Assessment 08696212.7.0000.5537. Results: most was female (52 percent), mean age 51.1 years (± 16.5), median of 6.5 years of study and income of two minimum salaries. Laboratory data: Urea and creatinine altered in 100 percent of patients, in 73 percent potassium modified, hemoglobin (72 percent) and hematocrit (95 percent) reduced. Clinical data: 81 percent were hypertensive and 30 percent were diabetics. Most were anxious and agitated patients. There was a statistically significant association between: anxiety and age (p = 0.030) and anxiety and family income (p = 0.048). Conclusions: there were associations between anxiety and two variables socioeconomics, age and family income, not being evidenced associations with clinical variables(AU)

Nursing diagnoses and adaptation problems among chronic renal patients.

OBJECTIVE: To identify similarities between NANDA International nursing diagnoses and Roy's adaptation model among chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional and descriptive study with 178 individuals selected, through consecutive convenience sampling, in a dialysis center located in the Northeast of Brazil. The study was conducted between October 2011 and February 2012. Data collection instruments included an interview form and a physical assessment. RESULTS: Similarity was found between 20 nursing diagnoses and 22 adaptation problems. Roy's adaptation modes that presented these relationships were: physiological, self-conception and role function. CONCLUSION: There are similarities between the two typologies. Furthermore, the use of the nursing process from the perspective of a theory inherent to the field supports care delivery and strengthens scientific knowledge in the profession.

Venous ulcer: risk factors and the Nursing Outcomes Classification.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the risk factors for the development of venous ulcers and the indicators of tissue integrity from the Nursing Outcomes Classification. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study conducted in 2013 in a university hospital in Natal/RN (Brazil). Fifty individuals selected by consecutive sampling participated in an interview and physical examination. RESULTS: The most important risk factors were: 44% presented with arterial hypertension, 26% allergy, 20% diabetes mellitus, 4% participated in some physical activity, 6% were smokers and 14% drank alcohol. There was a statistically significant association between diabetes mellitus and the texture of the lesion (p=0.015) and tissue perfusion (p=0.026); allergy and texture (p=0.034); physical activity and hydration (p = 0.034); smoking and thickness (p = 0.018); and alcoholism and exudate of the ulcer (p=0.045). CONCLUSION: . The relationship between risk factors and the nursing outcome indicators generated information relevant to the development of guidelines for the monitoring and treatment of venous ulcer information.